As the popliteal vein passes behind the knee in the popliteal region, it becomes the femoral vein. It is palpable in patients without excessive adipose tissue. Close to the body wall, the great saphenous vein, the deep femoral vein, and the femoral circumflex vein drain into the femoral vein.
The great saphenous vein is a prominent surface vessel located on the medial surface of the leg and thigh that collects blood from the superficial portions of these areas. The deep femoral vein, as the name suggests, drains blood from the deeper portions of the thigh. The femoral circumflex vein forms a loop around the femur just inferior to the trochanters and drains blood from the areas in proximity to the head and neck of the femur.
As the femoral vein penetrates the body wall from the femoral portion of the upper limb, it becomes the external iliac vein, a large vein that drains blood from the leg to the common iliac vein.
The pelvic organs and integument drain into the internal iliac vein, which forms from several smaller veins in the region, including the umbilical veins that run on either side of the bladder. The external and internal iliac veins combine near the inferior portion of the sacroiliac joint to form the common iliac vein.
In addition to blood supply from the external and internal iliac veins, the middle sacral vein drains the sacral region into the common iliac vein. Similar to the common iliac arteries, the common iliac veins come together at the level of L5 to form the inferior vena cava. At the height of the upper thigh, it enters through the saphenous opening of the fascia lata and empties into the femoral vein.
Picture from Wikimedia Commons. There are some 10 to 12 venous valves in the course of the great saphenous vein. Most of these valves exist in the part of the vein that runs through the lower leg and is located just inferior to where a perforating vein communicates with the great saphenous vein. These perforating veins allow blood to move between the superficial and deep veins of the leg.
The small saphenous vein begins on the outer part of the foot lateral aspect by the joining of the dorsal vein of the little toe with the dorsal venous arch. It passes behind the the outer ankle protruberance lateral malleolus and runs up the back of the lower leg. The small saphenous penetrates the deep fascia, travels up between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle and empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa behind the knee.
Ask a Doctor Online Now! The small saphenous is in continuous communication with the great saphenous vein via collateral channels. In addition, perforating veins carries blood from the small saphenous vein into the deeper leg veins where it is pushed up the leg by the action of the leg muscles musculovenous pump of the lower limb.
The deep veins of the lower limb run alongside major arteries of the leg as it passes superiorly upwards towards the heart. The deep veins are constantly receiving blood from the superficial veins.
There are three main deep veins in the lower leg :. Sign Up. Become a Gold Supporter and see no ads. Log in Sign up. Articles Cases Courses Quiz. About Recent Edits Go ad-free. Edit article. View revision history Report problem with Article.
Citation, DOI and article data. MacManus, D. The radial vein drains the lateral structures of the forearm, but little of the hand. Shuangfeng Lindlacher Explainer. What does the common iliac vein drain into? Anatomical terminology. Madou Rouault Explainer. Where are your main veins located? Arteries in red are the blood vessels that deliver blood to the body.
Veins in blue are the blood vessels that return blood to the heart. Deep veins , located in the center of the leg near the leg bones, are enclosed by muscle. The iliac, femoral, popliteal and tibial calf veins are the deep veins in the legs. Celedonia Sisquella Explainer. Where do veins drain? Communicating veins are veins that directly connect superficial veins to deep veins. Pulmonary veins are a set of veins that deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Systemic veins drain the tissues of the body and deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart. Ondina Gudelhofer Pundit. How do you identify an artery and a vein? Arteries are blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation.
Lenka Galarza Pundit. What two structures underlie the basilic vein? The basilic vein originates from the dorsal venous network of the hand and ascends the medial aspect of the upper limb. At the border of the teres major, the vein moves deep into the arm.
Here, it combines with the brachial veins from the deep venous system to form the axillary vein. Nabel Shao Pundit.
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