Ashta means 8 eight and Bharya means wife. According to vishnu purana; Ashtabharya describes the 8 mainstream queens and dearest wives of Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna had 16, wives; among them 8 queens are principle wives. However, Sri Radharani was the most beloved of all and very close to Lord Krishna in every aspect.
In essence, Lord Krishna always wanted to marry Sri Radha yet he could not due to some adverse unfavorable context. The marriage with Goddess Rukmini and Mitravinda are great examples of his nobility.
While respecting their wishes, Lord Krishna had kidnapped them from Swayamvara- a traditional practice of choosing spouse among various bride-grooms.
Lord Krishna had total 16, wives, but out of them there were only 8 wives were most dear to him. Together, they called as Ashtabharya. The very first wife of Lord Krishna and the prettiest incarnation of Goddess Laxmi. Rukmini was the daughter of King Bhishma of Vidarbha.
She desperately wanted to marry Lord Krishna, but his brother Rukmini was against of the marriage. Finally, they had to run away and get married. They latter had ten sons. He had accused Krishna to have stolen the jewel but when Krishna proved himself innocent he felt ashamed. He requested Krishna to marry his daughter and take the jewel as a gift.
Krishna accepted the request and made Satyabhama one of his Ashtabharya. While searching for the stolen jewel Krishna found it with Jambavan. When the bear warrior refused to return the jewel a fight happened between the two which led Jambavan to a realization that Shri Krishna is the avatar of Lord Rama.
Upon realization, he gave the hand of his daughter in marriage to Krishna. She had a desire to have Krishna as her husband. Upon knowing it Krishna married her with proper marriage rituals.
The next Ashtabharya, Mitravinda was the daughter of Rajadhidevi and Jayasena. She was the princess of Ujjain. The brothers of Mitravinda also forced her to get married but she wanted to get married to Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna fled her too when he came to know that the marriage was against the wish of the princess. The next wife of Krishna of the Princess of Kosala, Nagnajiti. She was the daughter of King Nagnajita. The king had organized the swayamvara for the princess and had stated such difficult conditions that none of the invited people could fulfill.
The conditions are the way the fathers test the suitors and decide whether or not they are capable enough for their daughters. In this case, the condition was to fight seven oxen that have lost control over their minds. In the end, Lord Krishna succeeds over the crazy beasts and got the hand of Nagnajiti in marriage.
The 7 th wife of Shri Krishna was the daughter of Shrutakirti and Dhrishtaketu. Her brothers arranged her marriage to Krishna. In other words, one may take many wives only if he is able to satisfy all of them equally as an ideal householder; otherwise it is not allowed. Lord Krishna is the world-teacher; therefore, even though He had no need for a wife, He expanded Himself into as many forms as He had wives, and He lived with them as an ideal householder, observing the regulative principles, rules and commitments in accordance with the Vedic injunctions and the social laws and customs of society.
For each of His 16, wives, He simultaneously maintained different palaces, different establishments and different atmospheres. Thus the Lord, although one, exhibited Himself as 16, ideal householders. Note : The spiritual significance of each wife having exactly 10 sons and 1 daughter is not known.
It probably means that the divine soul has so many off-springs qualities , probably in that ratio of feminine and masculine qualities. Note : Each of wives of krishna had golden palaces with huge gardens full of colorful flowers. This is symbolic and means that he who weds the supreme soul one who attains self-realization will have all the gold siddhis, psychic powers , palace, beauty satisfactions that he wishes for.
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