As in many world music traditions, rhythmic patterns are learnt vocally before being played on instruments. This is particularly the case in learning to play drum patterns in Indian and African music. The vocal patterns are firstly sung, and then copied on the drum. The words represent the different tones that a drum can make.
The tumbi has a single string which plays riffs in Bhangra music. The characteristics of melodies in Bhangra music are that they move largely by step, with lots of notes being sung to one syllable. Two sticks are used to play the dhol instrument. The thicker stick, called the dagga, is used to play the bass side. The thinner tilli is used to play the treble side. Both sticks are usually made of wood or bamboo. Algozey resemble two wooden flutes that are played simultaneously, with the artist using three fingers on each side.
The music created by the algozey can be classified as more rhythmic than melodic in nature. The tumbi is a small stringed instrument. It consists of a small wooden stick attached to a hollow, gourd-like shell to create its acoustics. It only has one string that is continuously plucked to create a rhythm that accompanies the dhol and boliyan. The chimta functions as a large pair of metallic tongs.
Each side of the tongs has bells attached that chime loudly when the sides are struck together. The chimta player can either accompany the other instrumentalists or dance with the Bhangra dancers while simultaneously playing the instrument. The dhad is a much smaller, high-pitched drum. It is also double-sided, but its body is shaped like an hourglass. The dhad is unusual in that you only beat one of its sides with your hand. The other hand squeezes a cord around the middle of the instrument that manipulates the pitch of the sound of the dhad as it is beaten.
Katos are used by Bhangra dancers during a routine - the shape of the instrument's body mimics that of a squirrel. It consists of a long stick with a wooden block resting on top. The wooden block has a flap that is the squirrel's "head," and a tail. Both the head and the tail have strings coming down, that when pulled, causes the flap to snap up and the tail to swing up.
These strings are pulled in time to the beat. Saaps or shikke are also used by Bhangra dancers. It is a wooden instrument consisting of small X-shaped parts that expand and contract. As you use both hands to play the instrument, it produces a loud clapping sound that is meant to sound like thunder. The khunda is a long, heavy, decorated bamboo stick. It is maneuvered in various ways by Bhangra dancers during a typical routine. The huge Punjabi diaspora has spread Bhangra across the world.
Bhangra music became extremely popular in the United Kingdom. Its enormous Punjabi population first combined traditional Bhangra rhythms with Western music.
Bhangra music and Punjabi culture became prevalent in Bollywood cinema as well, especially during scenes of jubilation. Colleges and universities comprised a significant portion of these Bhangra teams, although a large number of independent teams and academies were also well established.
Eventually a competitive circuit developed, and exclusive Bhangra competitions were held across North America.
This competitive circuit experienced a high spike in popularity around With this growth came the development of various trends that pushed the boundaries of Bhangra. Bhangra music routines started incorporating a significant number of Western influences and beats, many hybrid moves were invented, and gimmicks started becoming essential to winning competitions.
Another landmark moment came with the creation of all-girls Bhangra teams in a traditionally male-dominated dance form. With such an immense amount of evolution in such a short amount of time, controversy has frequently sparked in the Bhangra circuit.
The chimta, another rhythm instrument used in Bhangra, is a metal tong with attached jingles. Also used in Punjabi folk styles and Sikh devotional music, in Bhangra is it particularly used to emphasize the downbeat. The tumbi is a small single-string plucked fiddle that creates a distinctive high-pitched sound. The algoza is a double end-blown flute where one flute provides the melody and the other a drone.
Bhangra dance is quite vigorous with constant motion performed by dancers in brightly colored clothing, called vardiyaan, that reflect the celebratory contexts of the performances. The attire is loose fitting to allow for movement of the dancers.
A common element in Bhangra is a wide stance, often with one leg elevated to waist height. Depending on the move being executed, dancers will switch between their legs after a fixed number of beats.
Hands are frequently held high with the palms out and the thumb and index finger joined. A new version of Bhangra emerged not in India but in the Punjabi diaspora, particularly the United Kingdom. Throughout the twentieth century Punjabi have immigrated to new lands, particularly after the partition of colonial British Raj into the independent states of India and Pakistan in
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