Ensuring that the mother is adequately hydrated - preferably with an IV line. Tocolysis - this is a method in which drugs are used to decrease the intensity and frequency of uterine contractions. This will cause increased blood flow to the fetus. Intravenous hypertonic dexctrose infusion. Further Management of a women with fetal distress depends on what stage the distress is discovered.
Fetal Distress in the First Stage of labor: If fetal distress is diagnosed in early first stage , there is no other option but an operative delivery. Cesarian section has to be done as early as possible. If fetal distress is diagnosed in late first stage with the cervix almost fully dilated and the head well descended in the vagina , forceps delivery or vacuum aspiration may be possible in very expert hands.
But if the head is not well descended, and the doctor or midwife not very experienced, a cesarian section is safer. Fetal Distress in Second Stage of labor: If fetal distress is diagnosed in the second stage of labour , forceps delivery or vacuum aspiration is the first option to be considered.
This is due to the fact that by this time the head has usually descended deep into the vagina and delivery through an abdominal incision will be riskier than a vaginal delivery. The labor needs to be accelerated with medicines like syntocinon or drotaverine and the baby delivered as early as possible.
Neonatal outcome in meconium stained amniotic fluid - one year experience. J Pak Med Assoc 60 9 : Overview of antepartum fetal surveillance. Show references Hide references. Jenny Leach. Enter your due date or child's birthday dd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 mm Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec yyyy Trying to conceive?
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See all in Pregnancy. See all in Preschooler. See all in Life as a Parent. When a baby is in distress they may require immediate intervention, such as delivery by C-section or certain methods of intrauterine resuscitation.
If fetal distress goes unmanaged it can lead to more severe injuries such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy HIE. However, many doctors still use the phrase. Birth asphyxia means that the baby is not receiving adequate oxygen during labor or delivery because of an issue like cord compression, placental abruption, or another birth complication.
In fetal distress, the baby appears to be lacking adequate oxygen based on fetal heart rate, though the cause may not be known. Fetal distress is diagnosed based on fetal heart rate monitoring. The fetal heart rate should be monitored throughout pregnancy and taken at every prenatal appointment. Doctors can use internal or external tools to measure the fetal heart rate 1. It is most commonly measured via electronic fetal monitor.
The fetal heart rate should be between and beats per minute during the third trimester of pregnancy and labor. These may include birth-assisting tools like forceps and vacuum extractors , or labor induction drugs, such as Pitocin and Cytotec. Forceps and vacuum extractors can cause head trauma and brain bleeds , and labor induction drugs can cause contractions to be so strong, long, and frequent that the baby becomes deprived of oxygen. These issues can cause permanent brain damage in a baby, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, and periventricular leukomalacia PVL.
Often, the best way to deliver a macrosomic baby is by C-section. Regardless of what terminology they prefer, it is important that medical professionals be very familiar with specific warning signs of fetal oxygen deprivation in order to prevent permanent harm.
The following are just a few underlying causes of fetal distress:. The medical team must skillfully and continuously monitor fetal well-being throughout pregnancy, labor, and delivery. They are responsible for recognizing and responding to signs of fetal distress.
Often, an emergency C-section is required in order to remove the baby from the conditions causing the fetal distress, especially if earlier interventions did not cause fetal heart tones to become reassuring. An emergency C-section should be performed within 3 to 18 minutes , depending on the circumstances, and sometimes a lot sooner. Signs of fetal distress should always be taken seriously. It is critical that medical professionals promptly recognize and address these signs which may include interventions such as an emergency C-section in order to prevent permanent injury and disability in a newborn baby.
They must be especially careful in assessing maternal and fetal health in high-risk pregnancies. If physicians dismiss signs of fetal distress or fail to follow standards of care for high-risk pregnancies, this constitutes medical negligence. If this negligence leads to injury, it is medical malpractice. Birth injury is a challenging area of law to pursue due to the complex nature of the medical records.
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